Comparative Analysis Of Unlawful Act Regulations In Indonesia And Thailand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i1.23Keywords:
unlawful acts, civil law, comparative lawAbstract
Unlawful acts constitute one of the fundamental institutions in civil law, serving as the basis of liability for any party that causes damage to another outside a contractual relationship. This concept plays a strategic role in providing legal protection, maintaining a balance of interests, and realizing justice in civil relationships. This study aims to analyze the regulation of unlawful acts in civil law in Indonesia and Thailand, as well as to examine examples of the legal consequences arising from such acts in practice. The research method employed is normative legal research using a statutory approach and a comparative law approach. Legal materials were obtained through library research on legislation, legal doctrines, jurisprudence, and relevant scientific journals. The results indicate that Indonesia regulates unlawful acts in a general manner through Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code, the development of which is strongly influenced by legal doctrine and jurisprudence, thereby providing flexibility in the enforcement of substantive justice. Meanwhile, Thailand regulates unlawful acts more systematically under the Thai Civil and Commercial Code, with an emphasis on elements of fault, causal relationship, and proof of damage, resulting in a higher degree of legal certainty. These regulatory differences have implications for variations in determining legal consequences and compensation in judicial practice in each country.
References
[1] D. I. K. Makassar, “Clavia : Journal Of Law,” Vol. 20, No. 1, Pp. 50–58, 2022.
[2] Z. Nurhilmiyah, M, ““Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Nasabah Gadai Atas Barang Gadai Yang Rusak,” Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Medan, Vol. 2, No. 31, Pp. 31–39, 2022.
[3] C. Law And H. Islam, “Jurist-Diction,” Vol. 7, No. 4, Pp. 2133–2158, 2024, Doi: 10.20473/Jd.V7i4.63931.
[4] F. Hukum And U. Sawerigading, “Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dalam Perspektif Hukum Kontrak Di Indonesia,” Vol. 1, No. 3, Pp. 449–456, 2023, Doi: 10.59996/Jurnalpelitanusantara.V1i3.505.
[5] E. N. Butarbutar, “Pembuktian Terhadap Perbuatan Debitur Yang Merugikan Kreditur Dalam Tuntutan Actio Pauliana Kajian Putusan Nomor 07/Pdt.Sus-Actio Pauliana/2015/Pn.Niaga.Mdn Proof,” Pp. 215–234, 2019.
[6] Sunagio Syafrizal Nurhilmiyah, Hengki Mangiring Parulian Simarmata, Sahri, Pengantar Pendidikan Anti Korupsi, Vol. 32, No. 3. 2021.
[7] I. Journal Et Al., “Unlawful Act (Tort) As An Instrument For The Protection Of Private Civil Rights And Individual Human Rights: A Comparative Analysis Between Indonesia And Germany,” Vol. 5, No. 3, Pp. 1511–1520, 2025.
[8] K. Dan, A. Negara, And I. Syafar, “Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Oleh Pemerintah Dalam Perspektif,” Vol. 3, No. 1, Pp. 40–60, 2025.
[9] P. Sirisavad, “ิ าตรา 420 : ศ ึ กษากรณ ี ความร ั บผ ิ ดภายในครอบคร ั ว Family Torts Under Section 420 Of The Thai Civil And Commercial Code : A Study Of Intrafamily Liability,” Pp. 456–477, 2021.
[10] S. Badri, P. Handayani, And T. A. Rizki, “Ganti Rugi Terhadap Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Dan Wanprestasi Dalam Sistem Hukum Perdata Compensation For Acts Against The Law And Default In The Civil Law System Penelitian Ini Berfokus Pada Bagaimana Ketentuan Ganti Rugi Atas Pelanggaran Hukum Diterapkan ,” Vol. 7, No. 2, Pp. 6–7, 2024.
[11] M. Suryoutomo, M. Solekhan, And S. Murni, “Tanggung Jawab Perdata Dalam Kasus Wanprestasi Dan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum Civil Liability In Cases Of Default And Unlawful Acts,” Vol. 8, No. 4, Pp. 2018–2023, 2025, Doi: 10.56338/Jks.V8i4.7261.
[12] I. Sari, “Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (Pmh) Dalam Hukum Pidana Dan Hukum Perdata,” Vol. 11, No. 1, Pp. 53–70, 2020.
[13] U. Pembangunan And N. Veteran, “Issn 3031-0369,” Vol. 8, No. 1, 2024.
[14] B. Gunawan, “Indonesian Journal Of Law,” Vol. 1, No. 5, Pp. 107–112, 2024.
[15] J. K. Zebua, J. Z. Paparang, P. G. Joesoef, And K. Samuel, “A Comparative Legal Study On The Regulation Of Torts In Indonesia And Singapore,” Vol. 5, No. 5, Pp. 3709–3714, 2025.
[16] L. Privatum, V. Vi, N. Juli, O. Daad, M. Pasal, And P. D. A. N. Perkembangannya, “Lex Privatum Vol. Vi/No. 5/Juli/2018,” Vol. Vi, No. 5, Pp. 57–65, 2018.
