Strengthening Autocratic Legalism In Indonesia: The Impact Of Judicial Politicization On The Constitutional Court’s Independence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v10i1.59Keywords:
Autocratic Legalism, Constitutional Court, Independency, Indonesia, PoliticizationAbstract
The phenomenon of judicial politicization in Indonesia, especially in the context of the Constitutional Court (MK), has become an increasingly crucial concern amidst the continuing deterioration of democracy. This study aims to explore various phenomena that reflect political intervention in the judicial process at the Constitutional Court, as well as its impact on the independence of the institution. Through qualitative analysis of several cases involving allegations of corruption and conflicts of interest among constitutional judges, this study finds that judicial politicization has the potential to undermine the integrity and public trust in the judicial system. This study also focuses on aspects of the judicial process that operate in the Constitutional Court without the integrity and authority of the judges. Based on these findings, we recommend systemic reforms that include improving the selection process of judges, increasing transparency in decision-making, and stricter enforcement of the code of ethics to restore the independence of the Constitutional Court and strengthen democracy in Indonesia.
References
[1] Argawati, U. (2021, September 15). Perubahan Ketiga UU MK Menurut I Gde Pantja Astawa Dan Zainal Arifin Mochtar. Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. https://www.mkri.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=17583&menu=2
[2] Aulia, M. Z. (2018). Hukum Progresif Dari Satjipto Rahardjo. Undang: Jurnal Hukum, 1(1), 159–185. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.1.1.159-185
[3] Bisariyadi. (2015). Yudisialisasi Politik Dan Sikap Menahan Diri: Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Menguji Undang-Undang. Jurnal Konstitusi, 12(3), 478–485.
[4] Chandonnet, B. H. (2003). The Increading Politicization of the American Judiciary: Republican Party of Minnesota v. White and Its Effects on Future Judicial Selection in State Courts. Bill of Rights Journal William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal, 12.
[5] Cheung, A. Y. H. (2014). An Introduction to Abusive Legalism. Law Archive, 5, 6–7.
[6] Corrales, J. (2015). Autocratic Legalism in Venezuela. Journal of Democracy, 26(2), 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2015.0031
[7] DA, A. T. (2021). 3 Indikator ‘Autocratic Legalism’ Dalam Kebijakan Negara. Hukumonline.Com. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/3-indikator-autocratic-legalism-dalam-kebijakan-negara-lt6102bdb6645ee/
[8] DA, A. T. (2023, November 7). Langgar 5 Prinsip Kode Etik, Anwar Usman Dicopot Dari Jabatan Ketua MK. Hukumonline.Com. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/langgar-5-prinsip-kode-etik--anwar-usman-dicopot-dari-jabatan-ketua-mk-lt654a47cfc992c/?page=2
[9] Dixon, R., & Lau, D. (2021). Abusive Constitutional Borowwing: Legal Globalization and the Subversion of Liberal Democracy. Oxford Univesity Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893765.001.0001
[10] Ginsburg, T., & Moustafa, T. (2012). Rule by Law: The Politics of Courts in Authoritarian Regimes. Cambridge University Pres.
[11] Hadinatha, M. F. (2022). Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Mencegah Gejala Autocratic Legalism Di Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 19(4), 741–765. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1941
[12] Hapsoro, F. L. (2021). Eksaminasi publik terhadap putusan hakim di bidang korupsi: Perspektif akuntabilitas dan independensi kekuasaan kehakiman. Universitas Padjadjaran.
[13] Hapsoro, F. L. (2023). Hapsoro, Fakhris Lutfianto. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/3-kejanggalan-putusan-mk-dan-bagaimana-lembaga-peradilan-ini-gagal-mempertahankan-independensi-215812
[14] Humas Kemensetneg. (2023). Presiden Jokowi: Alasan Utama Pembangunan IKN Adalah Pemerataan. Kementerian Sekretariat Negara. https://www.setneg.go.id/baca/index/presiden_jokowi_alasan_utama_pembangunan_ikn_adalah_pemerataan
[15] Ismail, I., Hapsoro, F. L., Rezaldy, A., & Muhammad. (2023). Akuntabilitas Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Aparat Kepolisian Yang Melakukan Tindak Kekerasan. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 30(3), 602–621. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol30.iss3.art7
[16] Jimly, A. (2004). Cita Negara Hukum Indonesia Kontemporer.
[17] Koalisi Save Mahkamah Konstitusi. (2020). Potensi Transaksi Politik Di Balik Revisi UU Mahkamah Konstitusi? Indonesia Corruption Watch. https://antikorupsi.org/id/article/potensi-transaksi-politik-di-balik-revisi-uu-mahkamah-konstitusi
[18] Kuwado, F. J., & Ramadhan, A. (2020, September 1). PSHK: Revisi UU MK Jadi Hadiah Bagi Hakim Konstitusi... Kompas.Com. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/09/01/12570781/pshk-revisi-uu-mk-jadi-hadiah-bagi-hakim-konstitusi#google_vignette
[19] Mochtar, Z. A., & Rishan, I. (2022). Autocratic Legalism: The Making of Indonesian Omnibus Law. Yustisia, 11(1), 29–41. https://doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v11i1.59296
[20] Pahlevi, R. (2022). Koalisi Gemuk Pemerintahan Jokowi. Katadata. https://katadata.co.id/infografik/62ab148241673/koalisi-gemuk-pemerintahan-jokowi
[21] Perludem. (2022). Perludem Juga Minta Ketua MK Anwar Usman Mundur Usai Nikahi Adik Jokowi. Perludem.
[22] Perwira, I., Harijanti, S. D., Susanto, M., & Adhihernawan, M. Y. (2024). Capital City Relocation in Indonesia: Compromise Failure and Potential Dysfunction. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2345930
[23] Plattner, M. F. (2019). Illiberal Democracy and the Struggle on the Right. Journal of Democracy, 30(1), 5–19. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.2019.0000
[1] S. Setyaningsih And Y. Suchyadi, “Implementation Of Principal Academic Supervision To Improve Teacher Performance In North Bogor,” Jhss (Journal Humanit. Soc. Stud., Vol. 5, No. 2, Pp. 179–183, 2021, Doi: 10.33751/Jhss.V5i2.3909.
[2] Y. Suchyadi And Nurjanah, “Relationship Between Principal Supervision In Increasing The Job Satisfaction Of Private Junior High School Teachers In East Bogor District,” Jhss (Journal Humanit. Soc. Stud., Vol. 02, No. 01, Pp. 26–29, 2018, Doi: Https://Doi.Org/10.33751/Jhss.V2i1.818.
[3] Y. Suchyadi, “Relationship Between Work Motivation And Organizational Culture In Enhancing Professional Attitudes Of Pakuan University Lecturers,” Jhss (Journal Humanit. Soc. Stud., Vol. 01, No. 01, Pp. 41–45, 2017, Doi: Https://Doi.Org/10.33751/Jhss.V1i1.372.
[4] Y. Suchyadi, N. Karmila, And N. Safitri, “Kepuasan Kerja Guru Ditinjau Dari Peran Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Dasar Negeri Di Kecamatan Bogor Utara,” Jppguseda | J. Pendidik. Pengajaran Guru Sekol. Dasar, Vol. 2, No. 2, Pp. 91–94, Nov. 2019, Doi: 10.33751/Jppguseda.V2i2.1453.
[5] R. Purnamasari Et Al., “Student Center Based Class Management Assistance Through The Implementation Of Digital Learning Models,” J. Community Engagem., Vol. 02, No. 02, Pp. 41–44, 2020, Doi: Https://Doi.Org/10.33751/Jce.V2i2.2801.
[6] Y. Suchyadi And H. Suharyati, “The Use Of Multimedia As An Effort To Improve The Understanding Ability Of Basic School Teachers ‘Creative Thinking In The Era ‘Freedom Of Learning,’” In Merdeka Belajar, A. Rahmat, Ed. Yogyakarta: Zahir Publishing, 2021, Pp. 42–53.
[7] Y. Suchyadi Et Al., “Increasing Personality Competence Of Primary School Teachers, Through Education Supervision Activities In Bogor City,” J. Community Engagem., Vol. 01, No. 01, 2019, [Online]. Available: Https://Journal.Unpak.Ac.Id/Index.Php/Jce
[8] Y. Suchyadi Et Al., “Improving The Ability Of Elementary School Teachers Through The Development Of Competency Based Assessment Instruments In Teacher Working Group , North Bogor City,” J. Community Engagem., Vol. 02, No. 01, Pp. 1–5, 2020, Doi: Https://Doi.Org/10.33751/Jce.V2i01.2742.
[9] S. Hardinata, Y. Suchyadi, And D. Wulandari, “Strengthening Technological Literacy In Junior High School Teachers In The Industrial Revolution Era 4.0,” J. Humanit. Soc. Stud., Vol. 05, No. 03, Pp. 330–335, 2021.
[10] H. Suharyati, H. Laihad, And Y. Suchyadi, “Development Of Teacher Creativity Models To Improve Teacher’s Pedagogic Competency In The Educational Era 4.0,” Int. J. Innov. Creat. Chang. Www.Ijicc.Net, Vol. 5, No. 6, Pp. 919–929, 2019, [Online]. Available: Www.Ijicc.Net
[11] Y. Suchyadi, Nurjanah, And N. Karmila, Supervisi Pendidikan: Strategi Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru. Bogor: Pgsd Universitas Pakuan, 2020.
[12] Suchyadi, Y., & Suryani, A. "Educational Environment In The Implementation Of Character Education". Jhss (Journal Of Humanities And Social Studies), 5(2), 208-212. 2021.
[13] Marwah, H. S., Suchyadi, Y., & Mahajani, T. "Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Subtema Manusia Dan Benda Di Lingkungannya". Journal Of Social Studies Arts And Humanities (Jssah), 1(1), 42-45. 2021.
[14] Suchyadi, Y., Sunardi, O., Suhardi, E., & Sundari, F. S. "Using A Multimedia For Natural Science Learning In Improving Concept Skills Of Elementary School Teachers".
[15] Billa, Salsa; Purnamasari, Ratih; Suchyadi, Yudhie. Pengembangan Instrumen Tes Pilihan Ganda Berbasis Hots Menggunakan Aplikasi Quizizz Dan Qr-Code Pada Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Pecahan. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pgsd Stkip Subang, 2024, 10.04: 335-343.
[16] Hidayat, Nada Syifa; Mulyawati, Yuli; Suchyadi, Yudhie. Pengembangan E-Book Menggunakan Flipbook Pada Muatan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Materi Perpindahan Panas Dan Kalor. Cendekiawan, 2024, 6.2: 207-221.
[17] Suchyadi, Yudhie, Et Al. Efektivitas Pembelajaran Menyimak Dongeng Berbasis Youtube Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Dan Budaya Sunda. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 2024, 12.2: 070-073.
[18] Hamzari, Silvia; Anwar, Wawan S.; Suchyadi, Yudhie. Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Macromedia Flash Pada Pelajaran Matematika Materi Sudut. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pgsd Stkip Subang, 2024, 10.2: 556-567.
[19] Indriani, Rini Sri, Et Al. The Effectiveness Of Learning To Listen To Youtube-Based Fairy Tales In Learning Sundanese Language And Culture. Jhss (Journal Of Humanities And Social Studies), 2024, 6.3: 115-118.
[20] Nuraningsih, Rany, Et Al. Pengembangan E-Modul Menggunakan Canva Pada Tema 4 Sehat Itu Penting Subtema 1 Peredaran Darahku Sehat. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pgsd Stkip Subang, 2024, 10.1: 1572-1581.
[21] Listy, Sheren Eriska Priscilia; Kurnia, Dadang; Suchyadi, Yudhie. Pengembangan E-Lkpd Menggunakan Liveworksheet Pada Subtema 3 Usaha Pelestarian Lingkungan. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pgsd Stkip Subang, 2024, 10.1: 1314-1323.
[22] Anwar, Wawan Syahiril, Et Al. Penguatan Literasi Teknologi Pada Guru Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 2024, 12.1: 064-069.
[23] Suchyadi, Yudhie; Indriyani, Sri Rini; Destiana, Dita. Basic Concepts Of Educational Supervision Along With Related Administrative Studies. Jhss (Journal Of Humanities And Social Studies), 2023, 6.3: 406-410.
[24] Purnamasari, Ratih, Et Al. Analisis Kesulitan Belajar Matematika Pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus Tunagrahita Ringan Kelas Iv Sdn Perwira. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pgsd Stkip Subang, 2023, 9.5: 169-174.
[25] Salsabila, Annisa; Safitri, Nurlinda; Suchyadi, Yudhie. Pengembangan Bahan Ajar E-Book Menggunakan Flipbook Pada Subtema Daerah Tempat Tinggalku. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pgsd Stkip Subang, 2023, 9.04: 2305-2317.
[26] Akmal, Erinda Amalia; Safitri, Nurlinda; Suchyadi, Yudhie. Pengaruh Berpikir Kritis Terhadap Kreativitas Siswa. Didaktik: Jurnal Ilmiah Pgsd Stkip Subang, 2023, 9.04: 2610-2617.
[27] Suchyadi, Yudhie, Et Al. Responses To Future Challenges Inclusive Schools For Children With Special Needs. Jhss (Journal Of Humanities And Social Studies), 2023, 7.2: 685-699.
[24] Pusat Studi Hukum & Kebijakan Indonesia. (2021). Revisi UU Mahkamah Konstitusi Dinilai Cacat Formil. Pusat Studi Hukum & Kebijakan Indonesia.
[25] Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kebijakan Indonesia. (2023). MK: Makin Kesasar. Pusat Studi Hukum Dan Kebijakan Indonesia. https://pshk.or.id/publikasi/siaran-pers/mk-makin-kesasar/
[26] Putri, R. S. (2024). Koalisi Masyarakat Sipil Tolak Penggusuran Untuk Pembangunan IKN: Pemerintah Otoriter Seperti Orde Baru. Tempo.Co. https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1844312/koalisi-masyarakat-sipil-tolak-penggusuran-untuk-pembangunan-ikn-pemerintah-otoriter-seperti-orde-baru
[27] Putusan No. 90/PUU-XXI/2023 (2023).
[28] Rishan, I. (2020). Risiko Koalisi Gemuk Dalam Sistem Presidensial Di Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 27(2). https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol27.iss2.art1
[29] Rizky, P. A. (2022). Pernikahan Politik Indonesia (Studi Kasus Pernikahan Adik Jokowi Dan Ketua Mahkamah Konstitusi). POLITICOS: Jurnal Politik Dan Pemerintahan, 2(2), 104–113. https://doi.org/10.22225/politicos.2.2.2022.104-113
[30] Scheppele, K. L. (2018). Autocratic Legalism. The University of Chicago Law Review, 85(2), 545–583. http://perma.cc/W5ET
[31] Snijders, T. (2023). Virtuous Judges, Politicisation, and Decision-Making in the Judicialized Legal Landscape. Legal Ethics, 26(1), 46–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/1460728x.2023.2235183
[32] Sukma, G. G. M. (2020). Open Legal Policy Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Bidang Politik Dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (Studi Terhadap Putusan MK Bidang Politik Tahun 2015-2017). Lex Renaissance, 5(1), 1–19. http://www.mahkamahkonstitusi.go.id/index.php?page=web.Berita&id=11867#.WWUEYIjyg2w
[33] Wiratraman, H. P. (2022). Constitutional Struggles and the Court in Indonesia’s Turn to Authoritarian Politics. Federal Law Review, 50(2).
[34] Yeh, J. (2016). Politicization of Constitutional Courts in Asia: Institutional Features, Contexts and Legitimacy. Constitutional Jurisprudence, 215–236. https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845247373-215
[35] Yusup, A. (2022). Analisis Perubahan Ketiga UU MK. Ajudikasi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(2), 143–160.
